Production of articles having a multicolor finish



F. NowAK ZZMSZ PRODUCTION OF ARTICLES HAVING A MULTICOLOR FINISH I ov.19, m35.

Filed May e, 1931 Patented Nov. 19, 1935 UNITEDA STATES PATENT ori-icePRODUCTION F ARTICLES HAVING A MULTICOLOR FINISH l MarylandApplicationMay 6, I1931, Serial No. 535,548

2z claims. (ol. 91-73) The present invention relates to the productionof fired articles presenting a finish having a multi-colcr effect.

Broadly the present invention is directed to the production of articleshaving a multi-color finish by applying to the article base granularparticles, and then applying against the sidesA or'the faces of theseparticles a single color or any num.-

ber of colors from any direction, and thereafter heating the so preparedarticle at a, temperature adapted to fuse the granular particles andtheir adhering colors .to a relatively smooth surface. In one form ofthe applicants invention the par ticles may be applied to the articlebase with the aid of a binder of any desired character.

The present invention also contemplates the provision of an articlehaving the potential constituents of a multi-color surface, said articlef comprising an enamel base having superimposed thereon particles havinga multiplicity of facelets, the different facelets of said particlesbeing so colored with different colors to produce o n.

fusion and subsequent cooling a surface having a multi-color effect. Inthe more specific aspect of the invention coarse or granular particlesof enamel frit, crushed glass, naturally occurring minerals, orsynthetic products are applied to an article base. Thereafter, there isapplied to the facelets of the particles in different directionsvcoatings of different colors, the particles being so colored to produceupon fusion and subsequent cooling a substantially smooth surface havinga multi-color effect. The coatings of different col.. ors may be appliedto the particles so that the article prior to heat treatment adapted tofuse said particles appears, when viewed in one direction,predominantly`of one color and when viewed in a different directionpredominantly of another color. Upon fusion of the particles and theiradhering colored coatings a smooth surface is produced having amulti-color effect. In o le aspect of the present invention a rough dullnamel may be applied to the article base, said genamel presenting arough surface and having a multiplicity of facelets which may be coloredand fired as above set forth.

The present invention may be carried out using a ground coat of anycharacter. The ar- -fk ticle may be fired between the application of any5()r facelets of the particles.

I referred to is obtained by-spraying the enamel Several examples willbe given illustrating the present invention, but it will be understoodthey are only illustrative and the invention is not limited thereto. Y

A base material is cleaned by sand blasting or the usual picklingprocess, and thereafter there is applied thereto a moist enamel coating.In some cases, it is desirable to use a ground coating, and this isfirst applied and thereafter an enamel coating. While the enamel coatingis still Wet, and before it has dried to any substantial degree, coarseparticles of enamel frit are dusted on to the moist enamel coating. AThemultiple color effect of the finished article hereinbefore frit withdifferent colored enamels` from a plurality of directions and thereafterfiring the entire article so that the portion of the article at and,adjacent the surface including the enamel frit fuses to a substantiallysmooth finish which presents on cooling a multiple color effect. Onemethod of obtaining such a final finish is to apply a light dusting ofan enamel of one color in one direction against the facelets of the fritparticles, and thereafter apply in the reverse direction against thereverse facelets of the frit particles an enamel of another color. Atthis stage of the process, the intermediate article before firing, whenviewed from different opposing nal article simply shows a multiple coloreffect,

' depending upon the colors of the enamels used 35 and the direction atwhich they have been sprayedon to the facelets of the frit particles.

In order to obtain the best results, the different colored enamels areapplied at a sharp angle to the facelets ofthe frit particles. It isdesired 40 to point out that the application of the coloring enamels ata sharp angle is merely the preferred form of carrying out the inventionand that the angle may be varied. The application of the differentcolored enamel coatings to produce the -intermediate article will beclear from the figure, wherein A is the base, B is a ground orpreparatory coat, C is a mat or rough enamel coating, and D is asprayingdevice. The coarse enamel particles are indicated at'E. When thespray- 50 ing device D is'in vthe position indicated in the drawing,4the facelets F of the coarse enamel particles receive a dusting ofenamel of one color, for example red. When the spraying device ispositioned at D', the opposing facelets G oi the 55 vished article.

enamel particles receive a coating of one color, for example green. Whenthe sprayer is in the position shown at D, it isof course obvious thatthe intervening portion between the particles F receive a slight coatingof the color applied, for example red, and that when the sprayer ispositioned at D', the intervening portions between the particles F Willreceive avery light coating of color, for example green. However, theintermediate article before firing to produce the final enamel articlehaving a smooth surface, is when viewed in one direction predominantlyred, and when viewed in the opposing direction predominantly green. Whenthe article is fired, the final fused surface has a multiple coloreffect produced by diffusion of the colors employed. Stated differently,the colors blend one into another to produce a very pleasing effect.

The procedure set forth is, as stated, merely illustrative, and variouschanges may be made therein and still come within the scope of thepresent invention. Instead of using enamel frit any material may be usedwhich is fusible at the final fusing temperature necessary to producethe smooth surface. For example, crushed glass may be substituted forthe enamel frit. Further, naturally occurring and synthetic products maybe used which will fuse at the final fusion temperature used to producethe smooth surface. This includes various minerals having relatively lowfusing points.

It is not necessary that the final finishing coating of enamel beapplied to the facelets o1' the frit particles in substantially reversedirections as set forth. The respective coatings of the final enamel maybe applied to the frit particles from a number of directions, the onlylimiting factor being that the nish of the :final article as fusedshould present a multiple color effect. In the illustrative exampleshown in' the drawing, the different colors are applied from thespraying apparatus at approximately the same angle to the horizontal.However, one of the colors may be applied at a greater or less angle,and this will result in a modification of the changeable color of theintermediate article, and a further modification in the color of thefinal fused article which, as stated, has a multicolor effect. Theamounts of enamel of each color applied may vary, and this will havesome influence on the multiple color effect of the lin- In short, it maybe stated that the different colors may be so applied to the enamel fritfrom various directions or from a multiplicity of. directionssimultaneously so as to produce the desired changeable color in theintermediate article, and a multiple color effect in the final fusedarticle. In other words, the basic idea of the present invention is toapply the different colors in any predetermined fashion upon a granularor roughened surface to produce a predetermined multiple color effectwhen the surface of the article is'finally fired. It is recognized thatthe color of the enamel frit used will somewhat affect the finalmultiple color effect of the article, since the enamel frits andv thedifferent colored sprayed enamels appearing on the faces of the enamelfrit all melt at the fusion temperature and somewhat diffuse. However,in the preferred form of the invention, sufficient amounts of thedifferent 'colored enamels are sprayed on the facelets of the fritparticles .so that the final multiple color effect produced on the fusedsurface of the article is substantially a multi-tone combination of theenamel colors. However, the invention in its broad scope contemplatesthe selection of a particular colored frit enamel which may incombination with the colored enamels sprayed on the surface of the fritparticles produce the 5 ultimate multiple color effect. It is recognizedthat the color of the frit used will have some eect upon the brillianceof the final color. For instance, white frits will produce much morebrillant colors and hues than dark or black col- 10 cred frits whichwill tend to reduce the brilliance of the finishing enamel. Therefore,the invention contemplates a control over the brilliance of the finishedarticle by controlling the color of the enamel frit used. Further,instead of 15 spraying the surfaces of the enamel frit with differentcolors to produce a Imultiple color effect, the surfaces of the frit maybe sprayed with an enamel of only one color, the color thereofcontrasting with the color of the frit enamel 20 particles so that uponfinal fusion the two colors Will diffuse to produce a two-tone effect.

The following specific. examples will indicate how the color of the fritand the colors of the applied coatings may be so combined as to pro- 25duce various multiple color effects. To a white enamel frit there may beapplied from one direction at a suitable angle a dusting of red enamel.From a slightly different direction, at the same or a different angle, agreen enamel may be applied, and from a still different angle ordirection, a third or fourth color may be applied. Using a white fritand red andgreen enamels, as set forth, a finish is produced, the depthof color depending upon the amount of enamel dusted on, that shows Welldistributed particles of red and green varying in depth from the centerof such particles to their edges, there being at the point of contact aslight mixture of color. The color of the white frit has a greatermodifying effect upon the particles at this point as they are usuallyapplied thinner. This point of contact in the intermediate article isthe apex of the enamel frit particle which as it fuses down causes anintermingling of the colors on its opposite faces. Ordinarily, with theapplication in equal amounts of the different coloring enamels, therewould be no predominance of any color. This may be controlled however bythe amount of any one color which is applied. The relation of theintensity of one color to another will depend upon the relative amountsof color applied. It is conceivable however that in a case where theremay be a combination of blue, green and yellow that the green mightpredominate owing to a mixture of the yellow and blue particles whichfunction to strengthen the green color. The combination of blue frithaving its faces sprayed with red and green has also been used toproduce on fusion a porcelain enamel article having a multiple coloreffect. In this case, the finish is much the same as in the aboveillustration, except that the colors are considerably darker. Thefacelets of a white frit have also been sprayed with red and blue insuch a man- 55 ner as to produce upon fusion a finish which has a purplecast but which, of course, displays a multiple color effect. When usingthe white frit with red and green, as previously set forth, the articlehad a brownish cast, or the optical effect, when first viewed, was oneproducing an impression of weak brown. However, the green and red colorwas apparent except in those spots where the red and green had combinedto produce a brown. It is, of course, obvious that 2,021,820 the coloreffects produced depend upon the color intensity of the colors used.

It is clear from the above that the cast of the article and the multipleeffect of the final fused article may be controlled by controlling thevariables involved in the color production. In other words, the color ofthe frit may be varied with the color of the sprayed enamel remainingconstant, and this will result in one. multiple color effect. The hue ofthe color may be changed and the other variables remain constant. Inother words, by the use of various combinations'of the variablesinvolved, different effects may be produced, as will readily occur tothose skilled in the art.

As above set forth, the frit used may be an enamel frit adapted to fuseat the final finishing and fusing temperature, crushed glass or anynaturally occurring mineral or synthetic product adapted to fuse at thenal nishing temperature. However, where a frit of enamel is applied toan underlying enamel coating, it is desired that the latter and the fritshall have. about the same firing temperature. Further, the particlesincluding the enamel frit, whatever their character, should preferablybe' sized to remove very coarse particles and the excess of fines. Asillustrative of the size of the enamel particles,-

very satisfactory results have been obtained by using an enamel whichwill pass through a 20- mesh sieve and on to a l-mesh sieve. It isdesired to point out however that this example is merely illustrative ofsuitable mesh size for the frit particles, and that these limits may begreatly va'ried and departed therefrom. In the above example, the enamelparticles have a fair degree of uniformity of size. However, the fritparticles may be a mixture of varying sizes and when the particles ofthe frit as appliedto the article vary in size, there will be a somewhatdifferent color distribution in the final fused finish.

In otherwords, by applying a mixture of frit particles of differentsizes, the color distribution may be controlled to some extent. Anordinary run of frit in the condition in which it is obtained bywater-cracking, when used as set forth, gives very satisfactory results.

As previously set forth, the frit particles may be applied to a moistenamel coating and thereafter a multiplicity of colors applied to thefacelets of the particles and the article fired. However, lf desired,the enamel coating first applied may be red. In the latter case, it isnecessary A that means be provided for allowing the frit particles toadhere to the red enamel coating. The frit particles may be mixed with asuitable adherin'g agent such as a solution of gum arabic or sodiumsilicate, and the mixture applied to the fired surface or the i'lredsurface could be sprayed with a suitable adhesive including water andthe frit particles thereafter applied. Water has been found to functionto cause sufficient adherence of the particles to an underlying medium.In either case, the facelets of the frit particles have a multiplicityYof enamel colors applied, as previously set forth, and the final articleis thenheated to fuse the frit particles and the enamel coating 'appliedon the facelets thereof. above procedure may be used irrespective ofwhethera ground coating is used.

The basic idea of the present invention may also be utilized without theemployment of any underlying enamel coating. In that case, the metalbase is cleaned as usual and there is directly applied upon the base a.mixture of the frit material and gum arabic. Thereafter, the

Aing a multiplicity of enamel colors to the facelets This enamel coatingis applied to the facelets of the frit particles and the article heatedto a temperature adapted to fuse the surface layer to produce an'articlehaving a multiplicity of color effects. Instead of mixing the gum arabicwith 5 the frit particles, the gum arabic may be sprayed directly on themetal base and the frit therel after applied. In either case, the metalbase may be supplied with a ground coating and then a mixture of gumarabic and frit particles may be applied or the gum arabic may be firstapplied and the frit particles and colors thereafter applied. Proceedingas set forth, the article is thereafter red at a temperature adapted tofuse the surface layer. The gum arabic, sodium silil5 e cate, water, oilor grease or any suitable adhesive serves to securely hold the fritparticles on the article to which it is applied until on ring the fritparticles and their carrying coats of enamel become sufficientlysoftened to cause the frit particles to attach themselves to the base.When a ground coat is applied, of course the gum arabic serves to holdthe'frit particles until, on firing, the ground coat is softenedsuiciently to cause the frit particles to attach themselves thereto. Theabove examples are illustrative of various'means of causing the fritparticles to be attached to the underlying supporting medium until thearticle is fired; It is obvious that equivalent methods may be employedand still come within the scope of the present invention, and thereforethe above examples are to be taken as illustrative and notas limitingthe present invention thereto. Any of the well known adhesives may beused and this aspect of the present invention rs not limited to theadhesives set forth.

In all of the -above procedures wherein a ground coat and/or a liquidenamel is applied previously to the application of the frit particles,40 it is of course obvious that these intermediate coats may be fired,and then the frit particles applied. Thereafter, a multiplicity ofenamel coatings of different colors may be applied and the article redto produce a smooth surface also having a multiplicity of color effects.However, it is also to be understood that in the procedures above setforth the article carrying the ground coat and/or intermediateenamelcoating'. may be fired after the application of the frit particles andthe adhering coatings of Cdifferent colored enamels on the fritfacelets. In other words, one final firing at the temperature necessaryto produce a smooth upper layer having a multiple color effect issuicient, and this is the preferred method of carrying out the presentinvention, although as set forth various modifications thereof arepermissible.

It is desired to point out that instead of applyof the frit particles,under some circumstances raw colors which are stable at the fusiontemperature may be applied to the .facelets and the article brought tosuch a temperature as to fuse the surface layer to lproduce a multiplecolor effect. Preferably, when using the above procedure, the raw colorsareceramic colors, but this is not absolutely necessary, the limitingfactor being that the colors must be stable at the fusion temperature.Under some circumstances, when using raw colors, as set forth, they maybe mixed with an adhesive in order to facilitate their adherence to thefacelets of the frit particles or the frit particles themselves may befirst sprayed with an adhesive. It is obvious that other ex- 75 pedientsmay be used in order to facilitate the adherence of the raw colors tothe facelets of the frit particles.

In .any of the procedures set forth whereby either an enamel or rawcolor is applied to the facelets of the frit particles, it is within theprovince of the present invention to apply the frit particles eitherdirectly to the article base or on an intermediate coating such as aground coat or underlying enamel coat, and then heat the article to sucha temperature as to cause the frit particles to adhere directly to thearticle base or to the intermediate coating, but the firing should onlybe sufficient to cause this adherence and not to cause the fritparticles to lose their angularity or, stated differently, to destroytheir facelets. Thereafter, coatings of different colored enamels may beapplied or the raw colors may be applied as hereinbefore set forth.

It is further desired to state that the color which is applied to thefacelets of the enamel particles may be in the form of liquid enamel ordry enamel in dust form, liquid raw. colors or dry raw colors. In otherwords, while the specific precedure herein set forth which is employedto coat the facelets of the frit particles represents the preferredprocedure, it is Within the province of the present invention to employequivalent methods for coating the facelets of the frit particles.

, to it by dipping a coating of a standard ground coat enamel. Whilethis was still wet, particles of the frit of which the ground coat wasmade,

and which were sized between 40 and 80 mesh, were dusted on to thewetcoating. The leg was then placed in a horizontal position and a lightgreen enamel was sprayed on the facelets of the frit particles at anacute angle to the horizontal measured counterclockwise from thehorizontal, as shown in the gure. 'I'he stove leg was then reversed inits position and at an almost directly opposite direction a light redenamel was sprayed on the facelets. The stove leg was then put into adrier to drive out all moisture from the enamel, after which the stoveleg was placed into a muie furnace at a temperature of 1550 Frforapproximately five minutes, after which it was withdrawn and allowed tocool. The resulting nish gave a multi-tone effect of red and greenparticles evenly dispersed with a predominance of blue produced by thecolor of the coarse enamel frit which was of dark blue color. A furtherexample of the present invention is as follows: a cast iron stove legwas given a coating of white liquid enamel. While this was still wet,coarse particles of wet cast iron enamel frit were dusted on and thisleg placed in a horizontal position and red and green colors wereapplied in the same manner as in the above example, and when the enamelwas dry the leg was fired at a temperature of 1350 F. for approximatelyfifteen minutes. In this case, the finish was of a much lighter naturethan in the earlier illustration, there being an even distribution ofred and green color with a brown cast produced by the admixture of thesetwo colors where they may have made Contact.

A further example of the present invention isz.

a piece of sheet iron had applied to it a standard ground coat enamel.After the ground coat was 5 red, a light coating of a solution of gumarabic was applied, and while this was still tacky coarse particles ofground coat frit were dusted on. 'Ihe procedure from there on was thesame as that set forth in the rst example given. A coat 10 of dullenamel which presents a roughened surface may be substituted for thecoarse particles which produce much the same effect but of a muchsmaller design, the same principle operating as in the former case,except that the particle 15 size is relatively much smaller. In otherwords, in one of the specific forms of the present invention, .it iscontemplated to substitute for the frit partiel lafrough dull enamel.lThis rough dull enamel-may. be applied as a coating to a 20 base andthe article fired. Since the dull enamel inherently produces a roughsurface, there is therebyprovided small facelets which may be sprayed,ras set forth. For example, a green gloss enamel may be sprayed on thedull enamel at an 25 angle of 30 or less with the face being sprayed.Preferably, only a light dusting of enamel is applied to the Ware. Thearticle is then turned about and from approximately the same angle adusting of enamel of another color, for ex- 30 ample red, is sprayedthereon. The article is thereafter red at a temperature suicient to fusethe surface layer and thereby produce a multiple color or multiple-toneeffect. In the above form of the present invention, it is desired 35 touse a dull enamel having a zinc compound in excess, preferablycompounded as set forth in copending application, Ser. No. 511,432, ledJan. 26, 1931. The latter application also sets forth suitable groundcoats and gloss enamels which 40 are eminently suitable for carrying outthe present invention.

For example, an enamel milled by the following formula matures in twoand one-half minutes at a temperature of about 1450 F. to a fine 45smooth glossy i'lnish. 'I'his formula is:

Parts Frit 100 Clay 6 Tin oxide 6 50 Water 40 The frit above set forthwas produced from the following mixture:

If the clay is increased to 15 or 20 parts in the 'lrst formula theenamel will burn to a dull or matt finish in the same time andtemperature.

Similar results may be obtained by adding, in the mill, or substitutingfor the clay other materials such as flint,. feldspar, or in general anyingredient that increases the fusing temperature of the milled enamel.The dull finish of the resulting enamel is due to the fine particles ofother refractory material that are dispersed present case are limited tothe production of arthrough the enamel and prevent the soft enamelparticles from fusing into 'a smooth glass-like surface.`

Dull enamels may also be obtained by underflring a very hard enamel. Forexample, an enamel that normally matures at 1600 F. in 21/2 minutes maybe fied at 1450 F. for the same time and a matt finish is obtained. Mattfinishes may also be obtained by etching the gloss off of ordinaryenamel, and the same result may be secured by sand blasting or grinding.Dull or matt finishes may be also produced by adding one of the enamelingredients in excess in the compounding before smelting. t

While various ingredients may be added in excess, zinc compounds havegiven the most satisfactory results. Therefore, the production of anenamel having a matt f'lni'sh by allowing one of its ingredients to bepresent in excess will be illustrated by the preparation of a zincenamel. What is here termed a zinc enamel frit may be produced bycompounding the following ingredients in the proportions specified:

vParts Flint 15.0 Feldspar 38.0 Borax 5.0 Sodium nitrates. i-- 5.6Sodium carbonate r 6.2v Cryolite 8.7 Antimony oxide 2.1v Zinc oxide 34.7

Parts Flint. 19.2 Felspar 30.9 Borax 28.8 Sodium nitrate 4.8 Sodiumcarbonate 6.1 Fluorspar 6.8 Cobalt oxide (black) .8 Manganese dioxide'.2.6

The above referred to materials are prepared in the same mannertoproduc? a frit as outlined for the preparation ofthe matt finish enamel.The ground coat is milled to a fairly ne mixture in the followingproportions:

l l Parts Ground coat frit 100 Clay 6 Borax 1 Water 45 IThe above aremerely illustrative of suitable frits in enamels which may be used tocarry out the present invention. However, it is to be understood thatvarious other frits and enamels well known in the art may be usedtogether with such coloring ingredients as are necessary or desirable,colored enamels also being well known in the art. v It is desired topoint out that the claims in the ,ticles preferably having a smoothvitreous or porcelain enamel coating presenting a multi-color effect,although the invention broadly is not limited tothe utilization ofparticles of porcelain 5 enamel frit or adhering coatings of porcelainenamel. If the final step of fusing the particles and adhering coatingsof color is modified so that the particles themselves are not fused butare subjected to a temperature insufficient to fuse them, the resultingarticle has a rough finish and this is claimed in application Serial No.522,387, led March 13, 1931. However, it is to be distinctly understoodthat the various modifications of the basic principle herein set forthmay be utilized to produce porcelain articles having a rough nish. In'other words, all the steps and the various modifications thereof hereindisclosed in producing the present article having a smooth multi-toneelect may be utilized in producing an article having a roughvnish, theonly modification necessary beingthat the final firing step should beinsuflicient to cause the granular or coarse particles or theirequivalents to lose J their erect form. Stated differently, when the-particles are subjected to a firing temperature insufficient to causetheir fusion, the changeable color persists, as set forth in the priorapplication, and when the firing temperature is sufficient to cause thecoarse or granular particles to lose their erect form, there is adiffusion of the particles with the applied coatings to produce asubstantially smooth surface presenting a multicolor effect.

Having thusdescribed my invention, what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent is:

1. The herein described process of producing fired vitreous enameledarticles having a multicolor effect comprising adherently applyingparticles to an article base, said particles being fusible 40 at thetemperature at which the article is fired and on coolingforming avitreous coating, applyl,ing to said particles in different directionscoatings of different colors stable at the temperature of firing, andring' and completely fusing said 45 particles to produce on cooling asurface having a multi-color effect.

2. The herein described process of producing red vitreous enameledarticles having a. multicolor effect comprising adherently applyingparyticles to an article base, said particles being fusible at thetemperature at which the article is fired and on cooling forming avitreous coating, applying color stable at the ring temperature to saidparticles so that when the article after coloring is viewed inV onedirection it appears predominantly of one color and when viewed in adifferent direction the article appears predominantly of another color,and then firing the so-treated article to completely fuse'tiie col- 60ored particles and produce on cooling a surface having a multi-coloreffect.

color effect comprising applying to an article base an intermediatecoating, adherently applying particles to said coating, said particlesbeing fusible at the temperature at `which the article is fired and oncooling forming a vitreous coating, applying to said particles indifferent directions coatings of different colors stable at the firingtemperature, and firing and completely fusing said particles to produceon cooling a fused surface having .a multi-color effect.

5. The herein described process of producing fired vitreous enameledarticles comprising applying a ground coat enamel to an article base,applying to said ground coat enamel While it is wet particles of anenamel frit, said particles being fusible at the temperature at whichthe article is fired and on cooling forming a vitreous coating, applyingto said particles in different directions coatings of different colorsstable at the firing temperature, and firing and completely fusing saidparticles to produce on cooling a fused surface having a multi-coloreffect.

6. The herein described process of producing fired vitreous enameledarticles having a multicolor effect comprising applying to an articlebase an intermediate coating, firing said intermediate coating,adherently applying to said fired coating particles fusible at the nalring temperature and on cooling forming a vitreous coating, applying tosaid particles in different directions coatings of different colorsstable at the firing temperature, and ring and completely fusing saidparticles to produce on coolinga fused surface having a multi-coloreffect.

7. 'Ihe herein described process of producing fired vitreous enameledarticles having a multicolor effect comprising applying to an articlebase an intermediate coating, adherently applying particles to saidcoating, said particles being fusible at the temperature at which thearticle is finally fired and on cooling forming a vitreous coating,firing said article at a temperature insuicient to cause said particlesto lose their erect form, applying to said fired particles in differentdirections coatings of dierent colors stable at the firing temperature,and firing and completely fusing said particles to produce on cooling afused surface having a multi-color effect.

8. The herein described process of producing red vitreous enameledarticles having a multicolor effect comprising producing on an articlebase a rough dull vitreous enamel surface provided with facelets,applying to said facelets in different directions coatings of differentcolors stable at the firing temperature, and firing and completelyfusing said particles to produce on cooling a fused surface having amulti-color effect.

9. The herein described process of producing fired vitreous enameledarticles comprising forming on an article base a rough surface adaptedto form a vitreous surface on fusion and cooling, said rough surfacebeing provided with facelets, applying color stable at the ringtemperature to said rough surface so that the article aftercoloring whenviewed in one direction appears predominantly of one color and whenviewed in a different direction the article appears predominantlyof'another color, and ring and completely fusing said particles toproduce on cooling a. fused surface having a multi-color effect.

10. The herein described process of producing fired vitreous enameledarticles having a two tone color effect comprising forming on an articlebase a roughened surface having present particles of a predeterminedcolor provided With facelets and fusible at the temperature at which thearticle is fired and forming on cooling a vitreous coating, applyingcolor stable at the firing temperature to said particles contrastingwith the predetermined color of said particles, so that the article whenviewed in one direction appears predominantly of one color and whenviewed in a different direction the 4article appears 10 predominantly ofanother color, and firing and completely fusing said particles toproduce on cooling a fused surface having a multi-color effect.

11. The herein described process of producing fired porcelain enameledarticles having a multicolor effect comprising applying to an articlebase a coating of a vitreous enamel, adherently applying porcelainenamel particles of a predetermined color thereto to form a roughsurface, said particles being fusible at the temperature at which thearticle is red, -applying porcelain enamel to sai-d particlescontrasting with the predetermined color of said particles so that whenthe article after coloring is viewed in one direc- -tion it appearspredominantly of one color, and

When viewed in a different direction the article appears predominantlyof another color, and firing and completely fusing said particles toproduce on cooling a fused surface having a multicolor effect.

12. In the method of producing a vitreous enamel lnish, the steps whichconsist in depositing a base coat of vitreous enamel material,depositing thereon small masses of simil-ar material, spraying thedeposited surfaces at an angle with a different color, and then firingand completely fusing the deposited mass.

13. In the method of producing an article having a vitreous enamelfinish, the steps which comprise forming on an article base a roughsurface having particles present of a predetermined color fusible at thetemperature at which the article is fired and forming on cooling avitreous coating, applying to said particles at an angle color stable atthe firing temperature and contrasting with the predetermined color ofthe particles, and then firing and completely fusing said surface.

14. In the process of producing an article having a vitreous enamelfinish, the steps which comprise applying porcelain enamel particles ofa predetermined color to an article base to form Aa rough surface,applying to said porcelain enamel p-articles at an angle color .stableat the firing temperature and contrasting with the predetermined colorof the particles, and then firing and completely fusing said surface toproduce a vitreous finish having the visual appearance of depth androughness. A

15. In the method of producing an article having a vitreous enamelfinish, the steps which comprise depositing on an article base a covercoat of vitreous enamel material, forming a rough surface on said covercoat by depositing thereon a mixture of particles of vitreous enamelmaterial and a liquid component, applying to said particles at an anglecolor stable at the firing temperature and contrasting with thepredetermined color of the particles, and then firing and completelyfusing said surface to a vitreous iinish having the visual appearance ofdepth and roughness.

16. In the method of producing an article having a vitreous enamelfinish, the steps which comprise depositing on an article base a covercoat of vitreous enamel material, drying said cover coat at least tosome degree, forming a rough surface on said cover coat by depositingthereon particles of vitreous enamel material, applying to saidparticles at an angle color stable at the ring temperature andcontrasting with the predetermined color of the particles, and thenfiring and completely fusing said surface to a nish having the visualappearance of depth and roughness.

1'7'. In the method of producing an article having a vitreous enamelnish, the steps which comprise depositing on an article base a covercoat of vitreous enamel material, drying said cover coat at least tosome degree, depositing thereon a mixture of particles of vitreousenamel material and a liquid component, applying to said particles at anangle color stable at the firing temperature, and contrasting with thepredetermined color of the particles, and then firing and completelyfusing said surface to produce a nish having the visual appearance ofdepth and roughness.

18. In the method of producing an article having a vitreous enamel nish,the steps which comprise -applying a wet coat of vitreous enamelmaterial in pebble form to an uni'lred coat of vitreous enamel materialdry at least to some extent, said materials forming on firing at theirfusion temperature and subsequent cooling a vitreous coating, applyingto the pebble coat of vitreous enamel material atan angle a color coatstable at the temperature of firing so that when the article before ringis viewed in one direc-v tion it appears predominantly of one color anda completely fused surface and cooling said fused masses.

20.*In the process of producing an article having a vitreous' enamelfinish, the steps which comprise applying small masses of porcelainenamel of a predetermined color to an article base to form a roughsurface, applyingto said porcelain enamel masses at an angle colorstable at the firing temperature and contrasting with the predeterminedcolor of the masses, and then ring the deposited masses at the fusiontemperature, said deposited masses forming a completely fused surfacewhich on cooling gives the visual appearance of depth and roughness.

21. An article of manufacture having a `vitreous enamel nish produced inaccordance with claim. 12, said vitreous nish having the visual 30appearance of depth and roughness.

22. A new article of manufacture having a vitreous enamel finishproduced in accordance with claim 17.

FRANZ NOWAK.

